The Boarduino is an Arduino clone: when programmed with the Arduino bootloader, it can talk to the Arduino software and run sketches just like the original.
There are noticable differences between the Boarduino and the Arduino.
Designed to plug into a breadboard for easy prototyping
Petite size, only 3β x 0.8β (75mm x 20mm)
All 'standard' pins are brought out - Digital 0 thru 13, Analog 0 thru 5, ARef, 5V, Ground, Vin and Reset
2 LEDs, green power and red βpin 13β LED just like the Arduino Diecimila
Standard Reset button
ATmega328P, running at 16.00
MHz, just like the latest Arduino, the Duemilanove (note that the product photo above hasn't been updated)
6-pin standard ICSP header
Standard 2.1mm DC jack (just like the original Arduino) with 5V regulator to run on 7V-17V power (DC)
USB or External power, selectable with a jumper (just like original Arduino)
1N4001 diode protects against using incorrect wall adapter
6-pin header at the end for a USB-TTL cable
Auto-reset capability when used with a USB-TTL cable
Available as a low cost kit with standard parts, so its never out of stock
All through-hole parts are easy to solder